Why is the South Pole Colder than the North Pole?

The South Pole is colder than the North Pole because of the surrounding terrain. Specifically, the terrain under the ice.

The North Arctic is build on an ocean but surrounded by land. The South Antarctic is built on land and surrounded by ocean.

So the ocean flowing under the North Arctic helps circulate heat up under the ice, keeping it warm. In the South, there is not as much warming effect from the ocean. In addition, the rocky terrain under the Antarctic means it has a higher elevation, and even some mountains, so it gets more wind chill too.

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